Ashley mentions change in mentality from current "cradle-to-grave" thinking to product and process design which is based on "cradle-to-reincarnation" thinking. Article is filled with summarized examples of green design implementation stressing waste prevention and better material management. Article also touches on Design for Disassembly (DFD) research being done at Carnegie-Mellon University and Design for Recycling research. The key to green design is measuring the effects of varying designs on the environment. Some research is being done by Volvo, as well as work at the University of Michigan, in quantifying the effects, but they still is much to be learned.

"Every product has environmental impacts which are determined by their design, manufacture, use, and disposal." Coogan explains how traditional front-end analysis to determine ownership cost can be altered to address Environmental Analysis. Coogan concludes by giving an example of how one company implemented his process to design a new TV. The results of company example have the company making a more expensive product that is more reliable, has a longer life, and other improvement. The greater cost are expected to be offset by company's marketing of customer contributing to ecology by purchasing the higher priced TV.

Fava discussing the growing importance of Life Cycle Assessment in society in addition to some other environmental issues aimed at reducing the impact of products on society. Fava also discusses how company go about implementing Life Cycle Assessment along with initial questions they should ask. The article concludes with an interesting example of how life cycle analysis can result in trade-off. The example refers to the use of fluorescent lamps releases more mercury (bad for environment), while incandescent bulbs absorb more energy.

Fiksel discussing the Design for Environment and how it requires the development of design metrics, guidelines, and verification methods. He proceeds to classify DFE into five areas as follows: Pollution and Waste Prevention, Environmental Management of Materials, Risk Analysis, Life-Cycle Costing, and System-Oriented Design. "DFE can help companies to reduce life cycle and improve overall quality, but an integrated life cycle model (ILCM) for design verification is needed for effective use of DFE in integrated product development."

Glantschnig discusses the issues and challenges facing Green Design and its potential for reducing the life environmental impacts of products. The article addresses two major issues concerning DFE. This issues are are as follows: 1) Available of guidelines, checklists, and software based DFE tools and 2) Development of Green Design Tools. The author addresses the need to seemingly incorporating green design into everyday duties, although the authors realizes some works needs to still be done to reach that point.

Havener addresses the benefits of using QFD as a means to improving customer satisfaction with the product. The majority of article addresses the application of QFD to designing a car. The author spends a great deal of time stressing the importance of identifying different groups (customers bases) for your products as opposed to accepted an overall average of responses.

Article discusses how to implement environmental issues into QFD. The authors do this by added three customer requirements (Can be Upgraded, Conserves Energy, Recycled) along with five product characteristics (Ease of Disassembly, % Recycled Plastic, % Recyclable Plastic, Reportable Quantities, and Power Consumption). Authors also discuss the difficulties associated with implementing environment into QFD and how to quantify your results.

Kinni explains what QFD is and attempts to rationalize why it hasn't already taken off in popularity. He does mention that recent studies predict QFD is on the rise and is gaining popularity over DFM (Design for Mfg) because QFD focuses on customer needs. Throughout the article, Kinni stresses the need to accurate capture the customer's voice.

The article goes into detail about what DFE (Design for Environment) factors should be considered in the design of plastic parts. The article specifically addresses IBM plastic casing for computers and associated environmental considerations.

As indicated in title, the article discusses how QFD can be viewed as an application of the TQM philosophy to new product development. The authors discuss the benefits of this approach and then explain how QFD was implemented at Chrysler Motor Corporation. From this implementation of QFD a number of conclusion were developed on what issues are important to implementing QFD to facilitate TQM in an organization's new product development activities.

The article summarizes the attitudes of conference attendees to the November 1993 conference on Life Cycle Assessment at MIT. Two of the biggest lessons learned at conference were a) indirect impacts, particularly postmanufacturing ones, often dwarf direct LCA impacts and b) indirect impacts often require a different approach then dealing with direct impacts and the conventional wisdom of "reduce, reuse, recycle" hierchy. Attendees noted their is great potential for using LCA to improve environmental performance despite the obstacles.

Owen discussing a wide variety of issues related to Environmentally Conscious Manufacturing in some details. Owen addresses the following areas in his article: Source Reduction, Problem Plastics (difficulties of recycling plastics), New Throw-Aways (repair and reuse), Dismantling Economics, Junkyard R&D (Junkyards become recycling & dismantling yards).

Pellerin discusses the Environmentally Conscious Manufacturing (ECM) programme at the National Center for Manufacturing Sciences in Ann Arbor, Michigan. Pellerin begins by addresses the need for such research. She also explains programme goals and immediate issues that need addressing. The paper concludes by announces the introduction of the GreenScore Assessment Tool. This tool will allow companies to evaluate environmental performance and guide them with ways to improve.

Shilloto's book does an good job of explaining, with example, how to construct a basic QFD matrices. Shillito also discusses how QFD model can be adapted to deal with particular situation such as using QFD to incorporate customer needs with corporate vision.

The authors discuss a variety of tools which are currently being developed in The Life Cycle Center, Institute for Product Development at University of Denmark. These tools are aimed at supporting the inclusion of environmental criteria in product development. Tools addresses various issues including the following: Life Cycle Modeling, Life Cycle Inventory, Life Cycle Assessment, and Life Cycle Diagnosis.

The paper introduces QFD and discussing the need for using it to address customer requirements. The paper uses bullet style format to address a number of viewpoints on issues including; What is QFD?, What are the Benefits?, What are General Program with QFD implementation? The paper concludes by presenting the findings of a survey/interview answered by a wide assortment of companies addressing their experience with using QFD.